Tubal patency test and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Management

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Gynaecology
Women Wellness Packages Abnormal Pap smears HPV Test Cervical cancer HPV vaccination Contraception and Family Planning Pelvic Pain Menstrual Pain Ovarian cysts Uterine Fibroids Heavy Menstruation Perimenopausal and Menopause Postmenopausal Bleeding Vaginal Discharge management Threatened Miscarriages
Fertility
Fertility assessment Male semen analysis Ovarian reserve testing Ultrasound ovulation tracking Tubal patency test Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Endometriosis Adenomyosis Vaginasmus Fertility enhancement surgery
Obstetrics
Comprehensive Antenatal Care Antenatal Ultrasound Scans Non-Invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT) Antenatal Vaccinations Management of pregnancy symptoms Labour management and delivery Delayed cord clamping Cord blood collection Postnatal Care and Birth Control
Surgery
Colposcopy Biopsy LEEP Cervical Cone Evacuation of uterus Diagnostic Hysteroscopy Therapeutic Hysteroscopy Laparoscopic / keyhole surgery Ovarian cyst removal Uterine fibroid removal Uterus removal Fertility enhancing surgery

Tubal patency test

This radiological procedure checks the shape of uterine cavity and to see if the fallopian tubes are blocked.

It is performed between menstrual day 6 to 10 and patient is advised to avoid having unprotected sexual intercourse throughout the menstrual cycle ie from menses day 1 till the next menses. Preventive antibiotics are given to reduce risk of pelvic infection.

A diagnostic laparoscopy is recommended to confirm a true blockage, should the HSG result suggest tubal blockage.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Management

PCOS patients with menstrual cycle intervals exceeding 35 days intervals experience infrequent ovulation and take longer to conceive.

Infrequent menstrual bleeding causes abnormal womb lining overgrowth, affecting the implantation of fertilised egg and leads to higher risk of miscarriage. In addition, these women may eventually develop precancer of womb lining if they do not get regular shredding of the womb lining.

PCOS women will have long term risks of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Healthy lifestyle and weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and restore more regular ovulation cycles. Medication can be used to enhance ovulation, but close ultrasound monitoring is needed to minimise risk of multiple pregnancies.

Endometriosis

Womb lining clings to organs surrounding the womb, which grow in response to hormonal fluctuations and regularly shreds blood. Over time, this results in inflammation, ovarian cysts and formation of adhesions.

Pelvic ultrasound helps to identify endometriotic cysts or nodules, whilst MRI pelvis identifies the extent of the disease.

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the symptoms, ranging from pain relief medications, hormonal therapies, and surgery.

Early intervention slows down the progression of endometriosis and recourse to assisted reproductive treatments may be considered for those desiring fertility. For those where fertility is not desired yet, one may consider elective egg freezing.

See more Fertility Enhancing Surgery

Adenomyosis

Womb lining tissue in the muscle layers of the womb.

Cyclical menstrual bleeding from these tissue causes inflammation and thickened muscle wall of the womb, hence affecting embryo implantation. It can also lead to painful, heavy menses or pain after sexual intercourse.

Early recognition allows early treatment with hormonal therapy to reduce the inflammation and retards its progression, thus enhancing the success of embryo implantation.